Long story short (details are irrelevant ... and embarrassing), I may have introduced some atmospheric contamination in my recent oil change. Basically, small dust and dirt flecks, that sort of debris. I only realized this after I started the my car with the new oil.
Everything seems to be running fine, but I'm quite paranoid about something eventually causing damage.
Would that have been caught by the filter? Is there any harm (other than to my wallet) in changing it immediately again?